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Andrew Davison, 03 Sep 2015 19:33

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Introduction
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------------
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This project deals with the re-implementation of Izhikevich’s spiking neuron model (See [here](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=1257420)). Currently, this model is supported by NeuroML 2 and PyNN (Neuron and NEST backends). Simulation results are in general equal or similar to those shown in the original publication (see Fig. 1 of [Izhikevich 2004](http://www.izhikevich.org/publications/whichmod.htm)). However, a few model features are difficult to reproduce due to particularities regarding model description and/or backend implementations, as further described below.
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### Installation
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To get a local clone of this project [Install Git](http://www.opensourcebrain.org/projects/gitintro/wiki/Wiki), go to the directory in which the project will be cloned and type:
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    git clone https://github.com/OpenSourceBrain/IzhikevichModel.git
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In order to install PyNN see http://neuralensemble.org/docs/PyNN/installation.html. Preferably, use the latest v0.8 version from [GitHub](https://github.com/NeuralEnsemble/PyNN). At the moment, the model is supported by the NEURON, Brian and NEST backend simulators.
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To perform simulations using [NeuroML2](https://github.com/NeuroML/jNeuroML) and [LEMS](https://github.com/LEMS/jLEMS) you may install a pre-compiled package named jNeuroML as described [here](https://github.com/NeuroML/jNeuroML).
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### Versions of the project
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The original model in [MATLAB format](http://izhikevich.org/publications/figure1.m) has been converted to a number of other formats.
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#### PyNN
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##### Simulating Fig. 1 protocol in PyNN
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First, go to the PyNN subdirectory in your working directory:
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    cd IzhikevichModel/PyNN/
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Then, type the following command to run a simulation using Neuron:
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    python izhikevich2004.py neuron
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… or to run a simulation using NEST:
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    python izhikevich2004.py nest
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The figure below shows the result obtained when running the current version of izhikevich2004.py with NEST. Note that subplots G, H, L and R are not in accordance with the original published results (see Comparison to original model behavior).
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![](fig1_pyNN_nest.png)
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#### NeuroML 2
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First, go to the NeuroML2 subdirectory in your working directory:
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    cd IzhikevichModel/NeuroML2/
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Then, type the following command to run a simulation using jNeuroML (make sure the jnml script is in your PATH):
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    jnml LEMS_WhichModel.xml
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The XML for an Izhikevich model in NeuroML v2.0 is below:
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    <code class="xml">
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    <izhikevichCell id="TonicSpiking" v0 = "-70mV" thresh = "30mV" a ="0.02" b = "0.2" c = "-65.0" d = "6"/></code>
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For full examples of single cells see [TonicSpiking](/projects/izhikevichmodel/repository/entry/neuroConstruct/cellMechanisms/TonicSpiking/TonicSpiking.nml) or [PhasicBursting](/projects/izhikevichmodel/repository/entry/neuroConstruct/cellMechanisms/PhasicBursting/PhasicBursting.nml)
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Examples of simulation results using NeuroML and LEMS are depicted in the figure below.
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![](result_izhikevich_neuroML.png)
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Comparison to original model behavior
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-------------------------------------
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|**Model**|**Label** | **NeuroML 2** | **pyNN.neuron** | **pyNN.nest** |
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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
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|Tonic spiking | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A |(a) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Phasic spiking| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B |(a) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Tonic bursting| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C |(b) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) |
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|Phasic bursting| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D |(a) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Mixed mode| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E |(a) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Spike freq. adapt.| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F |(a) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Class 1 excitable| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;G |(a, e)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d, e) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) |
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|Class 2 excitable| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;H |©| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) |
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|Spike latency | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I |(b)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) |
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|Subthresh. osc.| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;J |(a)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Resonator| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;K |(a)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Integrator| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;L |(a, e)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) |
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|Rebound spike| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;M |(a)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Rebound burst| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;N |(a)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Threshold variability| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;O |(a)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) |
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|Bistability| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;P |(b)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) |
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|Depolarizing after-potential| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q |(b)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) |
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|Accomodation| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;R |(a, f)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)|
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|Inhibition-induced spiking| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;S |(b)| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)|
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|Inhibition-induced bursting| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T |(b) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)|
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(a) Same behaviour
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(b) Similar behaviour when slightly modifying parameters. See the table below.
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© Similar but not identical behaviour (different number of spikes in the stimulus time frame)
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(d) Not yet implemented. Need ramp injected current. See https://github.com/NeuralEnsemble/PyNN/issues/257
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(e) Requires an alternative model implementation since the model parameterization is different in the original Matlab code. In NeuroML new ComponentType [generalizedIzhikevichCell](https://github.com/OpenSourceBrain/IzhikevichModel/blob/master/NeuroML2/GeneralizedIzhikevichCell.xml) was created.
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(f) Requires an alternative model implementation since the model parameterization is different in the original Matlab code. In NeuroML new ComponentType [accomodationIzhikevichCell](https://github.com/OpenSourceBrain/IzhikevichModel/blob/master/NeuroML2/GeneralizedIzhikevichCell.xml) was created.
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(g) Could not reproduce model behavior
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### Parameter changes to adequate model behaviour
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|**Model**| **Label** | **Parameter**|**Original value**|**New value**|
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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
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|Spike latency | I | Amplitude of pulse current | 7.04 | 6.71 |
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|Bistability | P | Initial time of 2nd pulse | 216 | 208 |
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|Depolarizing after-potential | Q | b | 0.2 | 0.18 |
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|Inhibition-induced spiking | S | Inhibition ending | 250 | 220 |
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|Inhibition-induced bursting | T | d | ~~2.0 |~~0.7 |
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Alternative implementations
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---------------------------
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An alternative implementation of the Izhikevich model was created using [Moose](http://moose.sourceforge.net/). The code can be found [here](http://sourceforge.net/p/moose/code/4733/tree/moose/branches/buildQ/Demos/izhikevich/). There is a GUI in which the user chooses the model parameterization an visualizes the simulation results (see the figure below).
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![](moose_gui.png)
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### Do you have another implementation of this model?
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Please share it with the rest of the community! Contact [Padraig Gleeson](/users/4) or [Vitor Chaud](/users/160).